Choleric: This is the commander-type. Cholerics are dominant, strong, decisive, stubborn and even arrogant.
Melancholy: This is the mental-type. Their typical behaviour involves thinking, assessing, making lists, evaluating the positives and negatives, and general analysis of facts.
Sanguine: This is the social-type. They enjoy fun, socialising, chatting, telling stories - and are fond of promising the world, because that's the friendly thing to do.
Phlegmatic: This is the flat-type. They are easy going, laid back, nonchalant, unexcitable and relaxed. Desiring a peaceful environment above all else.
Here's a more detailed description (taken from http://hubpages.com/hub/Temperaments):
The Melancholic - A melancholic longs for a deep soul mate, yet when he is around people, he often finds himself mistrustful and disappointed. Also known as Melancholia, a person who was a thoughtful ponderer had a melancholic disposition. Often very kind and considerate, melancholics can be highly creative. The melancholic is likely the one with the perfectly organized closet and kitchen, the tidy desk-top, and the painstaking attention to religious observances, sometimes to the point of scrupulosity. This often results in being unsatisfied with one's own artistic or creative works and always pointing out to themselves what could and should be improved.
The Phlegmatic - phlegmatics are generally self-content and kind, their shy personality can often inhibit enthusiasm in others and make themselves lazy and resistant to change. Phlegmatic person is calm and unemotional most likely possess a dry wit and a steady, amicable demeanor. Feel more comfortable in a small group of friends or even spending a quiet evening relaxing at home. They were never flashy, belligerent, or self-aggrandizing. They would rather take the blame (even unjustly) than stir up controversy or pick a fight. They are very consistent, relaxed, rational, curious, and observant, making them good administrators and diplomats.
The Sanguine - A person who is sanguine is generally light hearted, fun loving, a people person, loves to entertain, spontaneous and confident. Wear their emotions on your sleeves, but they are always quick to "forgive and forget." However they can be arrogant, cocky and indulgent. He/She can be day-dreamy and off-task to the point of not accomplishing anything and can be impulsive, possibly acting on whims in an unpredictable fashion. Probably struggle with follow-through, are chronically late, and tend to be forgetful. As quickly as you discover a new hobby or pursuit, you can also lose interest--when it ceases to be engaging or fun.
The Choleric - A person who is choleric is a doer and a leader. A dynamic, self-motivated leader who can set sights on a target and relentlessly pursue it until success is achieved. A strong-willed individual who makes decisions quickly and decisively, and who readily and easily grasps difficult concepts and strategies. Cholerics are often accused of being stubborn, domineering, and dictatorial. They demand loyalty from friends, and thrive when in control. They can dominate people of other temperaments, especially phlegmatic types. They have a lot of ambition, energy, and passion, and try to instill it in others.
The Personality Plus system allows for extensions by mixing profiles, such as describing someone as a Choleric Sanguine, rather than just Choleric or Sanguine. The system exists not simply to describe an individual's personality type but rather to highlight those aspects of personality which relate to interactions between people.
How to find out what personality you are? Check out these websites:
http://www.4marks.com/temperaments.html
http://www.oneishy.com/personality/personality_test.php
And don't forget- offer up your personality type to God and ask Him how to use it for His glory.
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